Additional information:
Chondroitin sulfate, one of five classes of glycosaminoglycans, has been widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Chondroitin sulfate reduces inflammation mediators and the apoptotic process and is able to reduce protein production of inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and MMPs.|Product information|CAS Number: 9007-28-7|Synonym:|Chondroitin polysulfate|Chemical Name: Chondroitin sulfate|Technical Data|Appearance: Solid Power|Purity: ≥98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)|Solubility: H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL|Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical or refer to Certificate of Analysis|Storage Condition: Dry, dark and -20 oC for 1 year or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.|Shelf Life: ≥12 months if stored properly.|Stock Solution Storage: 0 – 4 oC for 1 month or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.|Drug Formulation: To be determined|HS Tariff Code: 382200|How to use|In Vitro:|Chondroitin sulfate is a class of sulfated glycosaminoglycans that are linear polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units composed of uronic acid and N-acetylhexosamine. Several pathogens including parasites, bacteria, and viruses have been shown to utilize cell surface chondroitin sulfate chains to attach to and infect host cells[1]. Chondroitin sulfate occurs naturally in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues, e.g., bone, cartilage, skin, ligaments and tendons. Chondroitin sulfate has been shown to elicit a range of beneficial effects: anti-inflammatory effects, an increase in type II collagen and proteoglycans, a reduction in bone resorption and a better anabolic/catabolic balance in chondrocytes[2]. A large range of chondroitin sulfate concentrations has been used (e.g. 12.5 to 2000 mg/mL, but generally less than200 mg/mL) in in vitro studies. Chondroitin sulfate (200 mg/mL) decreases the chondrocyte susceptibility to single nucleotide polymorphism-induced apoptosis[3]. Chondroitin sulfate reduces inflammation mediators and the apoptotic process and is able to reduce protein production of inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, MMPs[4].|In Vivo:|The high content of chondroitin sulfate in the aggrecan plays a major part in allowing cartilage to resist tensile stresses during various loading conditions by providing this tissue with resistance and elasticity. It has been shown that chondroitin sulphate interferes with the progression of structural changes in joint tissues and is used in the management of patients with osteoarthritis[3].{{Protein G Agarose} web|{Protein G Agarose} Biological Activity|{Protein G Agarose} Formula|{Protein G Agarose} custom synthesis|{Protein G Agarose} Cancer} Chondroitin sulfate is mostly administered orally at doses ranging from 800 to 1200mg/day.{{Apocynin} MedChemExpress|{Apocynin} Metabolic Enzyme/Protease|{Apocynin} Biological Activity|{Apocynin} Formula|{Apocynin} manufacturer|{Apocynin} Cancer} Chondroitin sulfate is rapidly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract.PMID:23833812 The absorbed chondroitin sulfate reaches the blood compartment as 10% chondroitin sulfate and 90% depolymerized low-molecular-weight derivatives[5].|References:|Mikami T, et al. Biosynthesis and function of chondroitin sulfate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Oct;1830(10):4719-33.Martel-Pelletier J, et al.Discrepancies in composition and biological effects of different formulations of chondroitin sulfate. Molecules. 2015 Mar 6;20(3):4277-89.Monfort J, et al. Biochemical basis of the effect of chondroitin sulphate on osteoarthritis articular tissues. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Jun;67(6):735-40.Campo GM, et al. Glycosaminoglycans modulate inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-treated chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem. 2009 Jan 1;106(1):83-92.Henrotin Y, et al. Chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis: from in vitro studies to clinicalrecommendations. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2010 Dec;2(6):335-48.Products are for research use only. Not for human use.|