Group. For this genus, the richness showed upward tendency using the enhance of pH (Figure 9C), whereas for the general fungal neighborhood the richness decreased with all the boost of pH (Figure 9A).Figure 9. Linear regression in between pH value and fungal OTU richness (A), bacterial OTU richness (B), and richness of OTU belonging for the fungal genus Emericellopsis (C).three.four. Fungal and Bacterial CoOccurrence NetworksBiology 2021, 10,14 ofNetwork analysis (Figure 10) showed that significant good interactions dominated the microbial neighborhood of the Julong hot springs with an very higher percentage of positive correlations in both fungal (100 ) and bacterial (93 ) communities (Table S7). The fungal network exhibited a very easy structure as reflected by a very low quantity of nodes and edges, as well as typical degree (Figure 10A and Table S7). Around the contrary, a a lot more complex network structure was discovered for the bacterial Methyltetrazine-Amine Formula community, with considerably diverse topological properties in Olmesartan impurity GPCR/G Protein Comparison to the fungal network (Figure 10B and Table S7). Phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Rozellomycota had probably the most abundant interactions with other nodes in the fungal network (Figure 10A). Bacterial phyla Patescibacteria Armatimonadetes, Deinococcus hermus, and Bacteroidetes had high correlations with other members (Figure 10B). Fungal genus Ciliophora (OTU2 and OTU659) and bacterial genera Chloracidobacterium (OTU8) and Meiothermus (OTU2504) played critical interactive roles in their communities.Figure ten. Sediment OTUs network evaluation in the Julong hot springs (Fruchterman eingold layout). (A) Network of fungal neighborhood; (B) network of bacterial community. Every single node represents an OTU indicating a single species. Color codes for nodes belonging to distinct dominant phyla. The node size is proportional to the degree (degree: number of direct correlations to a node). Positive interactions are displayed as red edges and unfavorable interactions are displayed as blue edges.Biology 2021, 10,15 of3.five. Comparison of CultureDependent and CultureIndependent Microbial Diversity Analyses We compared the outcomes of culturedependent and cultureindependent microbial diversity analyses performed around the 20 collected hot spring sediment samples (Figure 11). For the fungal neighborhood, only the phylum Ascomycota and Mucoromycota have been located from culturebased analysis, although the other nine phyla have been also detected by metabarcoding evaluation (Figure 11A). Quite a few dominant fungal genera according to the cultureindependent method had been also found from fungal isolation, which includes Emericellopsis, Cladosporium, Plectosphaerella, Penicillium, and Aspergillus (Figure 11B). For the bacterial neighborhood, cultureindependent analysis showed that the studied hot springs harbored numerous bacterial phyla and genera, though only two phyla (Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and 4 genera (Chryseobacterium, Herbaspirillum, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas) had been recovered employing culturedependent analysis (Figure 11C). Isolated bacterial strains belonging towards the genera Chryseobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Pseudomonas were also detected in the cultureindependent approach, occupying pretty tiny proportions (0.00153 , 0.04868 , and 0.05038 , respectively) of the total diversity (Figure 11D).Biology 2021, 10,16 ofFigure 11. Comparison of culturedependent and cultureindependent analysis approaches in the fungal neighborhood at the phylum (A) and genus (B) levels, and the bacterial neighborhood in the p.