Esistance observed in exosomes treated cells is correlated for the activation with the PI3K/AKT survival signalling pathway that entails the FoxO1 phosphorylation. Intriguingly, the Western blot evaluation of the microvesicles purified from SH-SY5Y culture medium shows the presence of activated AKT kinase, i.e. phosphorylated on both serine 473 and threonine 308 residues. Summary/Conclusion: These observations indicate that exosomes may possibly induce radiation D3 Receptor Antagonist Species resistance in SH-SY5Y cells by mechanisms involving FoxO1 phosphorylation, as a result blocking the apoptotic process triggered by radiation. Our hypothesis is the fact that this pathway is activated or reinforced by the uptake of exosomes carrying phosphorylated AKT. Funding: This study was funded by Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and international Cooperation (grant: PGR00782).PS08.Extracellular vesicles shedding in response to chemotherapy in melanoma promotes tumour development soon after temozolomide treatment Luciana Andrade1; Andreia H. Otake2; Silvia Cardim1; Mariana Ikoma1; Felipe Silva1; Roger Chammas1Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo-ICESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil; ICESP FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 3ICESP FMUSP, Sao Paulo, BrazilPS08.Exosomes improve SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells radioresistance by activating the AKT survival pathway Flavia Tortolici1; Anna Giovanetti2; Giulia Carrozzo3; Francesca Mastrostefano4; Stefano Rufini4 Division of Biology University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy; Technical Unit for Radiation Biology and Human Well being ENEA CR Casaccia, Roma, Italy; 3Department of Biology University of Rome “Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; 4Department of Biology University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy1Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a crucial players in intercellular communication. It has been shown that tumour cells secrete huge amounts of EVS that may be taken up by malignant and stromal cells. Numerous groups have demonstrated that EVs shed by tumour cells can induce resistance to therapy advertising tumour development. Determined by that, our target should be to investigate if EVs secreted by melanoma cells in response to chemotherapy can modulate tumour growth and progression. Strategies: Human melanoma cell lines have been treated with temozolomide (TMZ) and EVs secreted beneath these situations were purified from cell media soon after ultracentrifugation. EVs quantification was determined ETB Antagonist Accession making use of Nanosight NT LM10. The presence of Annexin V, CD9 and CD63 have been determined using a flow cytometry. For macrophage polarization research, murine macrophages have been incubated with LPS and interferon gamma or IL4 in the presence of EVs derived from TMZ or vehicle melanoma treated cells to induce M1 and M2 polarization respectively. After 24 h, M1 and M2 gene expression have been determined by qPCR. For in vivo research, human melanoma cells admixed with EVs derived from TMZ or car treated cells had been injected s.c. in nude mice. Tumour development was measured having a caliper. Statistical evaluation was performed employing GraphPad Prism. Benefits: Our findings showed a substantial boost in EVs secreted by human melanoma cell lines in response to TMZ remedy. Nanotracking evaluation revealed that the majority of EVs variety from 100 to 200 nm in size, comprising each exosome and microvesicles which had been positive for CD9, CD63 and Annexin V. We observed that EVs shed by melanoma cells after TMZ remedy modulate macrophage phenotype by skewing macrophage activation towards the MSaturday, 05 Mayphenotype as demonstrated by the.