Lving 12 M sodium hydroxide powder (Sigma ldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA
Lving 12 M sodium hydroxide powder (Sigma ldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, analytical grade) and sodium 3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid Description silicate (technical grade) in proper ratio (volume ratio Na2 SiO3 /NaOH = 1.five). Commercially out there Nd2 O3 (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium, 99.9 ) and Sm2 O3 (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, 99+) powder was mixed through procedure of geopolymerization in geopolymer paste. The two weight fractions of each of those oxides (1 and five ) were made use of in method of preparation of geopolymer samples. Metakaolin/Nd2 O3 , Sm2 O3 plus the alkaline solution (solid/liquid ratio was 1.0) had been mixed for 15 min then left at area temperature for a single day. Following that, the mixture was kept at 60 C for extra two days in suitable covered molds and subsequently aged at space temperature in controlled circumstances for 28 days. 4.2. Techniques and CharacterizationThermodynamic parameters of activating resolution were examined. Using the Anton Paar DSA 5000 M digital densitometer, the density also as the speed of sound had been measured. The range of density measurements on this device is from 0 to three 10-3 kgm-3 , and the speed of sound is from 1000 to 2000 m s-1 . Experimental measurement of refractive index was performed on an automatic refractometer (model Anton Paar RXA 156), which operates at a wavelength of 589 nm. The device includes a built-in thermostat with an accuracy of .03 K by which the temperature on the samples is kept constant throughout the measurement. The measurement array of the refractive index is from 1.32 to 1.56. For all thermodynamics parameters, all measurements were performed in the temperature variety from 288.15 K to 333.15 K. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) is often a inexpensive, quickly and nondestructive way of evaluating clay minerals and their goods [25]. Drift spectra have been obtained making use of the Perkin lmer FTIR spectrometer. About 5Gels 2021, 7,14 ofsamples have been dispersed in oven-dried spectroscopic grade KBr using the refractive index of 1.559 and particle size of 50 . Background KBr spectra were obtained and spectra had been rationed to the background. The spectra were scanned at four cm-1 resolution and collected in the mid-IR region from 4000 to 400 cm-1 .XRD measurements were performed at space temperature using Ultima IV Rigaku diffractometer, equipped with CuK1,2 radiation, applying a generator Fmoc-Gly-Gly-OH In stock voltage (40.0 kV) and also a generator existing (40.0 mA). The array of 50 2 was utilised for all powders within a continuous scan mode using a scanning step size of 0.02 and at a scan price of 5 /min utilizing D/TeX Ultrahigh-speed detector. Samples have been crushed inside the inside a porcelain mortar for the fineness of a fine powder. Si onocrystalline sample carrier was made use of. The PDXL2 (Ver. 2.eight.four.0) computer software was applied to evaluate the phase identification and microstructure properties of material [62,63]. All obtained powders have been identified working with the ICDD data base [64]. For phase identification, selected PDF card numbers had been used: Quartz (SiO2 ; 01-079-6237), Albite (Na(AlSi3 O8 ); 01-0840982), Muscovite (KAl2 (Si,Al)4 O10 (OH)2 ; 00-058-2036), Samarium Oxide (Sm2 O3 ; 00-042-1464), Neodymium Hydroxide Nd (OH)three , 01-070-0214) and Neodymium oxide (Nd2 O3 , 00-006-0408). XPS evaluation was performed working with a SPECS instrument for detailed chemical composition characterization employing X-ray-induced photoelectron spectroscopy. More detailed explanation could be found in Nenadovic et al., 2017 [31] and Ivanovic et al., 2020 [33]. Photoelectron emission was exc.