Biotechnology.Author Contributions: Conceptualization, N.M. and M.R.; methodology, N.M. and M.R.; software, N.M. and M.R.; validation, N.M. and M.R.; formal analysis, N.M. and M.R.; investigation, N.M. and M.R.; sources, N.M. and M.R.; information curation, N.M. and M.R.; writing–original draft preparation, N.M. and M.R.; writing–review and editing, N.M. and M.R.; visualization, N.M. and M.R.; supervision, M.R. All authors have study and agreed for the published version of your manuscript. Funding: This study received no external funding. Data Availability Statement: The information presented in this study are obtainable upon request from the corresponding author. Acknowledgments: This analysis operate was carried inside the framework with the DeepBlue Project (Developing Education and Employment Partnerships to get a Sustainable Blue Growth in the Western Mediterranean) co-funded by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF). Nezha MEJJAD was supported by the Deep Blue Project for the duration of her mobility for the National Research Council–ISMAR Institute of Marine Sciences–CNR, Italy. Nezha MEJJAD would prefer to thank Valerio FUNARI for his precious advice and help around the design and style in the literature search query. We would also like to highlight that this critique paper has been made feasible because of the Dimensions.ai database. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
sustainabilityArticleAsymmetric Impact of Institutional Excellent on Environmental Degradation: Evidence on the Environmental Kuznets CurveFarrah Dina Abd Razak 1 , Norlin Khalid 2, and Mohd Helmi Ali2Faculty of Organization and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Tapah 35400, Malaysia; [email protected] Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia Graduate College of Small business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]: This paper aims to discover the asymmetry impacts and co-integration amongst gross domestic product, economic development, energy use and environmental degradation by featuring institutional quality covering the Malaysia economy throughout the BI-0115 Autophagy period from 1984 till 2017 applying a nonlinear auto-regressive distributed lag model. The results confirm the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for both linear and nonlinear analyses, as a result verifying the relevance of symmetric and asymmetric EKC hypotheses for Malaysia. Additional, this study verifies the attributes of financial development and institutional high-quality that mitigates the concern on CO2 emissions, but contradicting results had been made on energy use. The implication of this getting delivers new suggestions for Malaysia authorities to think about the asymmetries in formulating environment-related policies to retain environmental good quality and realize their sustainable improvement goals.Citation: Abd Razak, F.D.; Khalid, N.; Ali, M.H. Asymmetric Effect of Institutional Excellent on Environmental Degradation: Evidence of your Environmental Kuznets Curve. Sustainability 2021, 13, 12507. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su132212507 Academic Editor: Bertrand Hamaide Received: 19 October 2021 Accepted: eight November 2021 Published: 12 NovemberKeywords: Environmental Kuznets Curve; carbon dioxide emissions; environmental degradation; economic development; power use; institutional quality1. Introduction Economic growth is definitely the critical UCB-5307 Description objective of developing nations mainly because it is the greate.