lls growth under SMG culture when compared to common artificial carriers such as Cytodex. When under SMG culture condition supplemented with 10% FBS and small molecules of VPA and VC, keratocytes on acellular corneal carriers first also displayed cellular reticular formation as in static culture. But interestingly, later cellular gathering growth occurred and the 3D spherical aggregating growth of keratocytes became larger with time, which was different from the morphologic changes in static culture with the same environment of VPA, VC, FBS and carriers. Keratocytes showed rough surfaces rich in globular prominences. Keratocytes were able to grow into reticular fibers and showed pieces of beaded granular secretion. There were rich cell interconnections. All of these demonstrated that the combination of VPA, VC, RCCS and decellularized corneal carriers provided a good condition for keratocytes to well survive and actively function. In this study, we found that VPA and VC promoted the proliferation and cell-cycle entrance of rabbit keratocytes, and decreased the numbers of apoptotic keratocytes. We used a more rapid and convenient way to decellularize bovine cornea as carriers. Keratocytes could show different morphologic changes in different environmental conditions. Our study confirmed that rabbit keratocytes maintained dendritic morphology and reticular cellular connections when cultured on bovine decellularized corneal stromal matrix supplemented with VPA and VC even in the presence of 10% FBS. If without using decellularized cornea as scaffold, even supplemented with VPA and VC, rabbit keratocytes in plastic could not display such a growing property. But when cultured in RCCS supplemented with VPA, VC and 10% FBS, keratocytes displayed round shape with many prominences and were more prone to grow into the pores of carriers with aggregation. Our previous study indicated that rabbit keratocytes on dehydrated bovine corneal stroma displayed spherical, dendritic or spindle shape for 19 days in RCCS and flat and spindle shaped in static culture in the presence of 10% FBS. So, from our previous and present data, we presume that supplement with VPA and VC are helpful for round morphologic and aggregating growth of keratocytes on decellularized cornea under SMG, and dendritic morphology and reticular cellular connections of keratocytes on decellularized cornea in static culture even 10% FBS in existence. These phenomena displayed that our decellularizated carriers provided natural microenvironment for 3D growth under SMG culture or native growing morphology of keratocytes under static culture. This study expects to lay foundation for the manipulation of keratocytes in vitro to be aggregative sphere or physiological morphological growth, which are important for corneal tissue engineering and corneal stem cell research. ~~ ~~ Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor -c is a member of the nuclear receptor family that plays a crucial role in lipid and glucose homeostasis. It is well known that thiazolidinediones, synthetic ligands for PPAR-c, exert their glucose-lowering effects principally via improving peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, some studies indicate that TZDs have direct effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and pancreatic b-cell gene expression. Furthermore, it has been reported that TZDs protect FD&C Green No. 3 chemical information b-cells from the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1b and interferon-c, human islet amyloid polypeptide ,