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(2021) 22:899 Sun et al. BMC Genomics doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08213-wRESEARCHOpen AccessTranscriptome comparative analysis of ovarian follicles reveals the essential genes and signaling pathways implicated in hen egg productionXue Sun1,2, Xiaoxia Chen1,two, Jinghua Zhao1,two, Chang Ma1,2, Chunchi Yan1,2, Simushi Liswaniso1,two, Rifu Xu1,2 and Ning Qin1,2Abstract Background: Ovarian follicle improvement plays an important function in determination of poultry egg production. The follicles in the different developmental stages possess their very own distinct molecular genetic characteristics and have different biological roles in chicken ovary development and function. In the every stage, a number of genes of follicle-specific expression and biological pathways are involved within the vary-sized follicular development and physiological events. Identification in the pivotal genes and signaling pathways that manage the follicular improvement is useful for understanding their exact AT1 Receptor Agonist web regulatory functions and molecular mechanisms underlying egg-laying traits of laying hens. Outcomes: The comparative mRNA transcriptomic evaluation of ovarian follicles at three essential developmental stages which includes slow developing white follicles (GWF), little yellow follicles (SYF) of recruitment into the hierarchy, and differentiated substantial yellow follicles (LYF), was achieved within the layers with reduce and higher egg production. Totally, 137, 447, and 229 of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 99, 97, and 157 of down-regulated DEGs in the GWF, SYF and LYF follicles, including VIPR1, VIPR2, ADRB2, and HSD17B1 have been identified, respectively. Moreover, 5-HT4 Receptor Antagonist review NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 genes, two most promising candidates potentially associated with egg-laying efficiency were screened out from the 13 co-expressed DEGs within the GWF, SYF and LYF samples. We further investigated the biological effects of NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 on ovarian follicular development and found that NDUFAB1 promotes follicle improvement by stimulating granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and decreasing cell apoptosis, increases the expression of CCND1 and BCL-2 but attenuates the expression of caspase-3, and facilitates steroidogenesis by enhancing the expression of STAR and CYP11A1. In contrast, GABRA1 inhibits GC proliferation and stimulates cell apoptosis, decreases the expression of CCND1, BCL-2, STAR, and CYP11A1 but elevates the expression of caspase-3. Furthermore, the 3 critical signaling pathways like PPAR signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction were considerably enriched, which might play essential roles in ovarian follicle growth, differentiation, follicle choice, and maturation.Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Xue Sun and Xiaoxia Chen contributed equally to this work. 2 Division of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technologies, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China Complete list of author facts is out there at the finish in the articleThe Author(s) 2021. Open Access This short article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit towards the original author(s) and also the supply, supply a hyperlink for the Inventive Commons licence, and indicate if alterations were made. The photos or