LeModelling the Ebselen oxide GPCR/G Protein Effects of Weather Conditions on Cereal Grain Contamination with Deoxynivalenol in the Baltic Sea RegionKatarzyna Marzec-Schmidt 1, , Thomas B jesson two , Skaidre Suproniene three , Malgorzata J dryczka four , e Sigita Janavi ien three , Tomasz G al five , Ida Karlsson 6 , Yuliia Kochiieru 3 , Piotr Ochodzki 5 , c e Audron Mankevi ien three and Kristin Piikki 1 e c e2Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 532 23 Skara, Sweden; [email protected] Agrov t Livsmedel AB, 532 23 Skara, Sweden; [email protected] Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, LT-58344 Kedainiai, Lithuania; [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (S.J.); [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (A.M.) Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] Division of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Analysis Institute, Radzik , 05-870 Blonie, Poland; [email protected] (T.G.); [email protected] (P.O.) Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]: Marzec-Schmidt, K.; B jesson, T.; Suproniene, S.; J dryczka, M.; Janavi iene, S.; G al, e c T.; Karlsson, I.; Kochiieru, Y.; Ochodzki, P.; Mankevi iene, A.; et al. c Modelling the Effects of Climate Circumstances on Cereal Grain Contamination with Deoxynivalenol in the Baltic Sea Area. Toxins 2021, 13, 737. https://doi.org/10.3390/ toxins13110737 Received: five October 2021 Accepted: 16 October 2021 Published: 20 OctoberPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Abstract: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is among the most really serious illnesses of small-grain cereals worldwide, resulting in yield reduction and an accumulation in the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in grain. Climate situations are recognized to possess a substantial effect around the ability of fusaria to infect cereals and create toxins. Within the past ten years, severe outbreaks of FHB, and grain DON contamination exceeding the EU well being security limits, have occurred in nations within the Baltic Sea region. Within this study, substantial data from field trials in Sweden, Poland and Lithuania had been analysed to identify the most crucial weather IWP-3 site variables for the capability of Fusarium to generate DON. Models were developed for the prediction of DON contamination levels in harvested grain exceeding 200 kg-1 for oats, spring barley and spring wheat in Sweden and winter wheat in Poland, and 1250 kg-1 for spring wheat in Lithuania. These models were in a position to predict high DON levels with an accuracy of 701 . Relative humidity (RH) and precipitation (PREC) have been identified as the climate factors using the greatest influence on DON accumulation in grain, with high RH and PREC around flowering and later in grain improvement and ripening correlated with higher DON levels. Higher temperatures through grain improvement and senescence decreased the danger of DON accumulation. The efficiency from the models, based only on weather variables, was reasonably precise. In future research, it could be of interest to figure out no matter whether inclusion of variables including pre-crop, agronomic factors and crop resistance to FHB could additional increase the performance o.