T measure of attachment avoidance. We hypothesized that attachment avoidance would be associated with higher fasting basal levels of glucose, and that the indicators of tension and stress would not account for that association.FIGURE 1 | The scatterplot depicts the association TPPU chemical information between attachment avoidance and fasting basal MedChemExpress PD150606 glucose level. Consistent with our hypothesis, the higher the participants’ attachment avoidance score, the higher their fasting basal glucose level. Also, as the attachment avoidance score increased, the association between attachment avoidance and fasting basal glucose level increased in its relative magnitude. Note that the area within the light dashed lines represents the normal range of fasting basal glucose levels. By contrast, the heavy dashed line near the top depicts the level at which fasting basal glucose levels become clinically significant.r(58) = 0.37, p < 0.01. After completing these questionnaires, participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and were debriefed and thanked.Results and DiscussionParticipants' fasting basal glucose level was examined using a curve estimation regression analysis (estimating linear and quadratic relations), in which participants' attachment avoidance score served as the predictor, and their fasting basal glucose level served as the outcome measure. Estimating a linear association between attachment avoidance and fasting basal glucose level, we observed that the higher the participants' attachment avoidance score, the greater their fasting basal glucose level, F(1, 58) = 12.89, = 0.43, R2 = 0.18, p < 0.001. Adding the quadratic estimation yield marginally significant increment in the association, t(57) = 1.96, p = 0.055, boosting the to 0.48 and the R2 to 0.23 (see Figure 1). When time of testing was included in the regression model, there was no effect of time of testing, t(57) = 1.24, p = 0.22, and the model estimating linear and quadratic effects of attachment avoidance on fasting basal glucose remained significant, F (3,55) = 6.28, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.21. No similar associations were observed between fasting basal glucose and attachment anxiety. In line with our prediction, women who tend to avoid depending on others for support had greater fasting basal levels of glucose in their blood than their more socially oriented counterparts. The higher levels of basal blood glucose found in highly avoidant individuals may serve as a metabolic reservoir that provides people high in attachment avoidance with the needed energy for rapid, independent responses to unpredictable contextualMaterials and Methods ParticipantsStudy 2 was part of ongoing longitudinal research conducted at Ruppin Academic Center (Cloninger and Zohar, 2011). Twohundred-eighty-five Israeli participants (143 women and 142 men), ranging in age from 42 to 90 years (Mdn = 58), volunteered to participate in the study, which included a free medical examination at a well-known medical facility (Mor Institute for Medical Data Ltd). Study 2 was approved by the Hillel Yaffe Medical Center's Helsinki committee (granted to RC; HSR # 42\2007).Measures and Procedure The study spanned two sessions. In the first session, participants, who were recruited by a series of public lectures, mailbox pamphlets, and word of mouth, were individually invited to Ruppin Academic Center for a morning of interview, self-report, and cognitive testing. Attachment orientations were assessed with a Hebrew-language questionnaire de.T measure of attachment avoidance. We hypothesized that attachment avoidance would be associated with higher fasting basal levels of glucose, and that the indicators of tension and stress would not account for that association.FIGURE 1 | The scatterplot depicts the association between attachment avoidance and fasting basal glucose level. Consistent with our hypothesis, the higher the participants' attachment avoidance score, the higher their fasting basal glucose level. Also, as the attachment avoidance score increased, the association between attachment avoidance and fasting basal glucose level increased in its relative magnitude. Note that the area within the light dashed lines represents the normal range of fasting basal glucose levels. By contrast, the heavy dashed line near the top depicts the level at which fasting basal glucose levels become clinically significant.r(58) = 0.37, p < 0.01. After completing these questionnaires, participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and were debriefed and thanked.Results and DiscussionParticipants' fasting basal glucose level was examined using a curve estimation regression analysis (estimating linear and quadratic relations), in which participants' attachment avoidance score served as the predictor, and their fasting basal glucose level served as the outcome measure. Estimating a linear association between attachment avoidance and fasting basal glucose level, we observed that the higher the participants' attachment avoidance score, the greater their fasting basal glucose level, F(1, 58) = 12.89, = 0.43, R2 = 0.18, p < 0.001. Adding the quadratic estimation yield marginally significant increment in the association, t(57) = 1.96, p = 0.055, boosting the to 0.48 and the R2 to 0.23 (see Figure 1). When time of testing was included in the regression model, there was no effect of time of testing, t(57) = 1.24, p = 0.22, and the model estimating linear and quadratic effects of attachment avoidance on fasting basal glucose remained significant, F (3,55) = 6.28, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.21. No similar associations were observed between fasting basal glucose and attachment anxiety. In line with our prediction, women who tend to avoid depending on others for support had greater fasting basal levels of glucose in their blood than their more socially oriented counterparts. The higher levels of basal blood glucose found in highly avoidant individuals may serve as a metabolic reservoir that provides people high in attachment avoidance with the needed energy for rapid, independent responses to unpredictable contextualMaterials and Methods ParticipantsStudy 2 was part of ongoing longitudinal research conducted at Ruppin Academic Center (Cloninger and Zohar, 2011). Twohundred-eighty-five Israeli participants (143 women and 142 men), ranging in age from 42 to 90 years (Mdn = 58), volunteered to participate in the study, which included a free medical examination at a well-known medical facility (Mor Institute for Medical Data Ltd). Study 2 was approved by the Hillel Yaffe Medical Center's Helsinki committee (granted to RC; HSR # 42\2007).Measures and Procedure The study spanned two sessions. In the first session, participants, who were recruited by a series of public lectures, mailbox pamphlets, and word of mouth, were individually invited to Ruppin Academic Center for a morning of interview, self-report, and cognitive testing. Attachment orientations were assessed with a Hebrew-language questionnaire de.