IV, MI SMRs of 1.4 and 2.7 have been reported respectivley for men and women in comparison with the general population. In our study, cardiovascular events are in 2007 and 2008 more frequent in women whereas the frequency of risk factors are higher in men. This is probably due to an unequal treatment of these risk factors between men and women. In the Aquitaine Cohort, the cardiovascular risk factors are equally measured for men and women. Traditionally, men are more often addressed to cardiovascular specialists for screening of CV disease, because the male sex has always been counted like one CV risk factor achieving 50 years of age. So in spite a higher frequency of risk factors. This primary prevention policy should certainly explain the lower incidence rate of cardiovascular disease in men comparing to women in the latest years. Women traditionally not targeted by the cardiovascular prevention policies in part because of the common belief of their natural protection against these diseases have in this HIV-infected population, high burden of risk factors. HIV itself, high rate of smoking, and cART metabolic adverse events associated with the ageing of this population and the loss of their hormonal protection with menopause, make women the new victims of these emerging morbidities. The management of cardiovascular risk factors has been shown to have a favorable impact on the incidence of cardiovascular events in recent years.This includes the use of lipid-lowering agents, the prescription of PI-free c-ART, and preventive cardiologic monitoring. All these measures are presumeably more often adressed to men than to women so far. Finally, non-AIDS non-hepatic cancers represented a minor cause of severe morbidity. However their incidence rate increased between 2000 and 2008, from 4 to PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19656604 7 per 1000 PY. This was particularly true for men, whereas it was rather stable in women. Indeed, the risk factors of broncho-pulmonary and oropharynx cancers are more prevalent in men. Moreover, anal intercourse and STIs of anal localization, conventional risk factors of anal cancer are mainly presented by MSMs. This disparity in the incidence rates of cancer between men and women is buy UNC0642 consistent with the findings of the FHDH reporting a higher incidence of non-AIDS cancers in men, comparing to women. This has also been reported in populations where the higher risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers is primarily among males, with HIV-infected women having no higher rates of NADC compared with the overall population. Unlike the number of patients with severe morbidity and the rate of hospitalization which decreased through our study period, more people living with and in care presented with at least five morbid events in the recent years, reflecting that HIV disease becomes a chronic multisystem condition. A recent american study found polymorbidity more prevalent in women than in men, mostly due to higher rates of chronic conditions related to higher prevalence of obesity in women. In our study of severe morbidity leading to hospitalization 15% of men and 10% of women experienced more than five morbid events in 2008. These data support the need for early screening of comorbidities in women as well as men, as sex is not a determinant of severe morbidity, unlike the general population where women are less concerned by age-related morbid conditions. Women were less frequently at the AIDS stage; this might explain why they are less often under cART. The difference betw